Heart disease explained: Signs, symptoms, and how to reduce your risk

Heart disease explained: Signs, symptoms, and how to reduce your risk

 India suffers from one of the heaviest burdens of heart disease in the world. The number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease is projected to exceed 4.77 million in 2020. Both urban and rural populations have experienced a dramatic increase in the incidence of heart disease over the past few decades. Even people at a young age suffer from heart disease and the numbers are alarming. Studies show that the reason for this high burden of heart disease is an increase in the number of risk factors such as abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension and stress.


Since heart disease is such a common problem and affects a large number of the Indian population, it is always best to be informed about the signs and symptoms of heart disease. If you have experienced any of the below mentioned signs and symptoms, you must visit one of the best heart hospitals in India for further examination. This blog will also discuss various measures that can reduce the risk of heart disease and help prevent it.


Types of heart disease


Heart disease can be influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle or other damage that occurs during life. Certain conditions, such as high cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure, can increase a person's risk of developing heart disease. 


Ischemic heart disease


When the blood vessels of the heart are affected, the condition is known as coronary heart disease. Many times, plaque can develop in the arteries, which can in turn narrow the arteries and impede blood flow. The narrowing of the arteries can be so severe that it can sometimes cause a complete blockage of blood flow. When blood flow to certain parts of the body is blocked, it can lead to a heart attack.


Signs and symptoms


-         Pain in the chest


- Pain in the back, neck, jaw or throat


- Shortness of breath.


In addition to these symptoms, women may also experience nausea and extreme fatigue.


Arrhythmia


An abnormal rate or rhythm of the heartbeat is known as an arrhythmia. Arrhythmias can cause the heartbeat to be irregular, too fast or too slow. If the heartbeat rhythm is incorrect, it can cause the heart to be unable to pump blood to the rest of the body with enough pressure or force.


Signs and symptoms


- Trembling in the chest


- Rapidly beating heart - tachycardia


- Slow heartbeat - bradycardia


- Chest discomfort or pain


- Dizziness or lightheadedness


- Unconsciousness or fainting


Structural heart disease


The heart consists of four valves that help ensure efficient pumping of blood throughout the body. Any conditions that affect these valves or other heart structures can cause serious cardiovascular disease. Many of these conditions are congenital or present at birth. Other conditions may develop later in life.


Signs and symptoms


- Shortness of breath when lying down or after activity


- Fatigue


- Swollen ankles and feet


- Irregular heartbeat


- Abnormal sound or heart murmur


Heart Failure


When the heart is unable to pump enough blood, or your heart muscles are too weak to pump blood with each heartbeat, the condition is called heart failure. This can also happen when the heart muscles become too stiff and are unable to fill with blood completely or efficiently. This condition is often seen in the elderly, but can occur in people of any age.



Signs and symptoms


- Cough


- Weight gain


- Fatigue


- Swollen ankles, toes, lower back, abdomen and feet


- Eye swelling


- Problems with concentration and memory


Risk factors for heart disease


Among the risk factors for heart disease, some are controllable and some are not.


Controllable risk factors include e.g.


- High cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (HDL)


- Smoking


- Obesity


-         High blood pressure


- Physical inactivity


People with diabetes may have an increased risk of angina, heart attack, CAD, and stroke.


Common risk factors that cannot be controlled are:


- Ethnicity - Non-Hispanic whites and blacks, along with people of Pacific and Asian descent, have a higher risk of heart disease than Native Americans and Alaskans.


- Family history - The risk of heart disease increases if a close relative of a man under the age of 55 or a close relative of a woman under the age of 65 has had heart disease.



- Sex - Men are at a higher risk of heart disease than women.


How to reduce the risk of heart disease


Prevention of heart disease is much better than finding treatment options. While some risk factors cannot be controlled, efforts must be made to reduce the risk factors that can be controlled.


Have healthy cholesterol and blood pressure levels

Manage stress. Talk to your healthcare professional if you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or struggling to cope with events in your life.

Eat healthy


Avoid smoking

 Contact us if you are at high risk of heart disease.


Location: F7V9+HW9, Khurianwala, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

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